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Photo of TB specialist with infant before BCG vaccination

BCG Vaccine Clinic
Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccination

Sydney NSW Australia

Did you know that Tuberculosis (TB) can affect the brain and central nervous system?
This can result in permanent damage/disability and can be fatal if left untreated.

BCG immunisation is important in Australia, particularly for children/infants who are travelling to a country/region where TB is prevalent.

BCG vaccine - Tuberculosis (TB) vaccination

BCG Vaccine

BCG is the vaccine for Tuberculosis (TB) and has been used in the fight against TB for over 100 years. To date, the BCG/TB vaccine remains as the most widely used vaccine worldwide and has been given to more than 4 billion individuals with astonishing safety records.

Why is the BCG vaccine important?

The BCG vaccine is very effective for infants and children in protecting against the severe forms of TB. Furthermore, research has shown that BCG vaccination helps protect adults and children against non-TB mycobacterium, including Leprosy, as well as upper and lower respiratory tract infections, such as Pneumonia and Influenza. In addition, BCG injection has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the recurrence of Herpex Simplex virus in adults.

 

The TB vaccine is not included in the routine Australian immunisation schedule, known as the National Immunisation Program (NIP) Schedule, since TB is not common within Australia. However, immunisation with BCG is recommended for Australians travelling to a high TB incidence country/region or for those who are at a greater risk of being exposed to TB.

The effects of TB

TB is caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB not only affects the lungs, but can also affect the brain, spine and cause widespread (disseminated) TB disease, particularly in infants and children. It can cause serious illness and death if left untreated.

When will the BCG vaccine take effect?

On average, BCG immunisation takes around 4-6 weeks to build a sufficient immune response and it can take up to 3 months to take full effect. Therefore, BCG vaccination should be scheduled in Australia soon after your travel plans have been confirmed.

  • Does the BCG Vaccine Clinic provide BCG/TB vaccination in Australia?
    The BCG Vaccine Clinic provides Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, which is the vaccine for Tuberculosis (TB). This service is coordinated by specialist NSW Health trained TB healthcare professionals (who are experts in the field of TB / BCG immunisation) in Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), Australia.
  • Where is the BCG Vaccine Clinic located?
    The BCG Vaccine Clinic is a registered TB vaccination centre located at 73 Marion Street, Harris Park, Sydney, NSW 2150 Australia (within Priority Medical Centre Harris Park).
  • What is the cost/fee for TB vaccination?
    The current fee for TB vaccination at the BCG Vaccine Clinic is $150, which is paid with card or cash on the day of the appointment.
  • How can I book a BCG vaccination appointment?
    A BCG vaccination appointment/booking can be scheduled either: Online through our website Or over the phone by calling (02) 8529 4086 - Mandarin 汉语 speaker available
  • Which brand/strain of BCG vaccine is administered at the BCG Vaccine Clinic?
    The BCG Vaccine Clinic administers the same brand/strain of BCG/TB vaccine that is currently utilised nationally within Australia (including NSW Health BCG vaccination clinics), which is BCG Vaccine AJV powder for injection, lyophilized - mycobacterium bovis (BCG) Danish strain 1331 with Diluted Sauton AJV (New Zealand).
  • What is Tuberculosis (TB) and BCG?
    Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by TB bacteria spreading through the air from person to person. TB mostly affects the lungs but can affect any organ, such as the spine and the brain / central nervous system. The vaccine against TB is called the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. The BCG vaccine is given by injection just under the skin on the upper arm. BCG vaccination gives good immunity against TB disease (active TB) and even provides some protection against TB infection (latent TB). In addition, BCG immunisation provides protection even against some non-TB infections.
  • What is the method/technique used in the administration of the TB vaccine?
    In Australia, the TB vaccine is a single dose that is given via intradermal injection, which means the vaccine is administered in the topmost layer of the skin. Intradermal injection is a specialised technique that very few healthcare workers in Australia (and across the world) are familiar with. The staff at the BCG Vaccine Clinic are highly trained and experienced with the intradermal technique, so you can be rest assured that you are in the hands of BCG vaccine professionals who are able to safely administer the TB vaccine correctly.
  • How effective is the BCG vaccine and can it be administered to newborns/infants?
    In Australia, the TB vaccine can be administered from birth onwards. TB vaccination is more effective the younger someone is, meaning that it is more effective in children (particularly newborns/babies/infants). The BCG vaccine provides good protection against TB when administered in children below 16 years of age and has been shown to be particularly very effective in children below 5 years of age. BCG vaccination provides approximately 70-80% protection against severe forms of TB in young children, such as TB of the brain (TB Meningitis), TB of the central nervous system (CNS TB) and widespread TB disease (Miliary/Disseminated TB). TB immunisation may take up to 3 months to take full effect, therefore it should ideally be given in Australia at least 3 months before travelling to a country where TB is common.​
  • Can the BCG Vaccine Clinic provide BCG vaccination for adults?
    Yes, the BCG Vaccine Clinic can provide TB vaccination for individuals of any age, including children and newborns/infants, as well as adults. Adults in Australia who are at risk of TB exposure are recommended to be immunised with BCG, particularly healthcare workers who are travelling to a high incidence TB country/region for an extended period of time. TB immunisation in adults has been shown to have variable effectiveness, although research has shown that adults who receive the BCG vaccine attain some protection against drug-resistant TB, as well as other non-TB mycobacterium and viruses.
  • Can we get a BCG vaccine booster dose in Australia?
    Currently in Australia, BCG immunisation is a single one-time dose and therefore, a TB vaccination booster shot is generally not common practice.
  • Is BCG a live vaccine?
    Since the TB vaccine is a live vaccine, BCG vaccination is not recommended for individuals who have a latent TB infection, low immunity, or a current illness with fever. Individuals requiring more than one live (INJECTED) vaccine, such as the 12-month or 18-month scheduled vaccines along with the BCG vaccine, should either receive BCG vaccination on the same day as the other vaccines OR maintain a gap period of at least 4 weeks. The 6-week and 4-month oral live vaccines do not need consideration, as they will not interfere with the BCG vaccine.
  • Is the BCG/TB injection safe?
    The BCG vaccine is one of the world's oldest and most widely used vaccine, which has shown to be very safe globally/worldwide and in Australia, with generally mild side effects. A pre-BCG vaccination assessment is required to ensure it is safe for the vaccine recipient, which is undertaken each time at the BCG Vaccine Clinic to ensure utmost safety. In NSW Australia, a TB test (TST or IGRA) is required prior to BCG immunisation if the vaccine recipient has been in close contact with a person with TB of the lung and has not completed TB screening. A local wound site usually develops where the injection was given, which forms into a scar over a period of up to 4 months.
  • Are there any side effects ​with the BCG vaccine?
    The TB vaccine is safe, with generally mild side effects. Occasional side effects include: Fast or accelerated BCG vaccination sore development. Painful, red and swollen BCG vaccination sore. Swelling of the glands in the armpits or neck. Excessive growth of scar tissue at the injection site, known as keloid scarring.
  • What happens after TB vaccination?
    After BCG vaccination, a sore will likely develop at the injection site, which usually occurs within a few weeks after vaccine administation. This sore generally leads to scab formation and eventually results in the presence of a scar, which takes around 2-4 months in most cases. The presence or absence of a scar does not indicate efficacy, but usually occurs in most cases to varying degrees. If the sore forms, heals and scars very rapidly (within 2-3 weeks), it may be a fast/accelerated reaction - in this event, please contact us for further discussion. Some people may respond slowly to the BCG vaccine. In rare cases, there may not be a response to the vaccine and there may not be a sore/scar formation at the site of BCG injection. If there is no response to the vaccine, re-vaccination is not recommended in Australia, as the result will likely be the same.
  • How to look after the BCG vaccination sore?
    Keep the area clean and dry. Keep the area uncovered where possible. Do not cover the sore with dressings or band-aids. Do not apply creams, lotions or ointments at the location of the sore. If the sore oozes a lot, it can be covered with a piece of loose, sterile cloth (e.g. gauze) that is taped down at the edges but still allows airflow. Normal activities such as baths, showers, swimming, and sports can be continued as usual, despite the presence of a BCG vaccination sore.
Photo of TB specialist holding BCG vaccine vial

BCG Vaccine Research

Does BCG vaccination work to stop Tuberculosis (TB)? Emerging research shows BCG injection provides protection not only against TB, but even other non-TB infections. The TB vaccine helps to protect not only TB disease (active TB), but also TB infection (latent TB). BCG immunisation is worthwhile in Australia, as it ensures greater protection against TB, the world's number one infectious disease.

See below to view research articles about the BCG vaccine, including studies conducted within Australia.

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